送交者: heretic 于 November 17, 2004 16:57:25:
回答: 张纯如的《南京大屠杀》公然造假（转载） 由 majia 于 November 17, 2004 14:00:49:
http://vikingphoenix.com/public/rongstad/news/bamr/changletter.htm
Quote:
Finally, I must discuss the photograph of the villagers that the Chronicle enlarged and printed on page four. Burress claims that my use of this photograph is an error because - as Hata points out - this photograph was taken not in Nanking during the massacre, but shortly before the Nanking massacre, in a village occupied by Japanese troops.
Nowhere in the caption do I state when and where the picture was taken. My book reports on much of the horror of the Japanese invasion of China, as context for the Nanjing Massacre. In my book, the caption under the photo reads, "The Japanese rounded up thousands of women. Most were gang-raped or forced into military prostitution." Those two statements are indisputable facts.
But there is an even more bizarre claim by Burress regarding this one photo. He claims that two villagers in the photograph are smiling, though how he can tell a smile from a grimace in a sixty-year-old photo escapes me. None of those many people who saw the photographs have noted any villagers smiling. It isn't obvious to me, it isn't obvious to the editors at Basic Books or Viking Penguin, and I doubt it is obvious to anyone who reads the San Francisco Chronicle.
But even if a smile is suspected, it does not erase the fact that the Japanese committed endless atrocities against Chinese men, women and children in occupied territory. A common tactic of Holocaust deniers is to pick at one small piece of evidence to draw attention away from scope and magnitude of the genocide. But a photograph of a Jewish child smiling as he gets off a train and heads for a concentration camp is not proof that the Holocaust didn't happen, but only of the irrepressible optimism of human nature. Nor is it proof that the child was happy and smiling a month later, when no cameras were around. Burress's nitpick here is also reminiscent of a dreadful time in our own history, and of those apologists for slavery who argued it could not have been that bad because the slaves were often seen singing.
The Japanese, like the Nazis, relied on deception to make mass executions and mass rapes more manageable. The hapless Chinese men, women and children rounded up by the Japanese were usually kept ignorant about their fate until it was too late to escape. In Nanking, women were guided to "marketplaces" to buy ducks and chicken, only to find platoons of soldiers waiting to rape them. Men were assured of food, shelter and safety by Japanese soldiers, only to be lured to remote areas and used for bayonet practice or decapitation contests. Whether a woman or two is smiling as they are escorted across the countryside by Japanese soldiers is really a non-issue. What matters is how these women were treated once they reached their destination.