谁有空帮审一下翻译?


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送交者: habpi 于 2007-02-13, 16:02:41:

亚洲自由/开源本地化的实现
http://rl.rockiestech.com/node/272


Asia is the world's battleground for FOSS localization. The monopolistic proprietary companies have not yet established dominance in Asia. For reasons of national interest, many Asian governments have adopted policies that encourage software alternatives, primarily FOSS.

亚洲是世界自由/开源软件本地化的主战场。垄断私有软件公司还没有在亚洲占据统治地位。出于国家利益的考虑,亚洲许多政府推行了鼓励多元的软件开发,特别是自由/开源软件的政策。

In some countries the localization to date has been the work of a few dedicated enthusiasts scattered around the globe. Few have been paid for their efforts, and the disorganized nature of their translations has unintentionally produced ambiguities.

某些国家目前的本地化工作只限于散布在世界各地的少数热心人的成果。他们的工作很少得到报偿,而他们的翻译工作无组织的特点会产生意想不到的歧义。

For the most part, the volunteers are programmers, not linguists. They need help from translators, technical writers and testers. Since localization deals primarily with language rather than programming issues, non-technical staff should outnumber programmers five to one. Even before adopting a formal FOSS policy, direct support for technical dictionaries and standards for localization can begin. Local language specialists require only professional salaries and offices. Technical writers and testers can be trained within a few months.

大多数情况下,志愿者都是程序员而不是语言学家。他们需要得到翻译人员,科技作家和测试人员的帮助。因为本地化主要与语言而不是与程序有关,非技术人员人数应该达到程序员的五倍。在制定正式的自由/开源软件政策之前,技术词典和本地化标准的支持工作就可以开始。本地语言专家只需要普通职业人士的工资和办公室待遇。技术作家和测试人员可以在几个月内训练完毕。

Supporting international localization initiatives, where languages that share significant similarities (i.e., Thai, Lao and Khmer) share programming and technical resources, is very cost effective. The value created for society as a whole, with new dictionaries and a technical standard enabling programmers and translators to consistently localize any FOSS for a low price, is undeniable. Other Asian countries should follow the example of the CJK initiative.

支持非常相似的语言(如泰国语,老挝语和库美尔语)分享代码和技术资源的国际合作本地化是非常有效的。它对社会整体创造的价值,以及允许程序员和翻译一致地以低成本进行本地化的新的词典和技术标准,都是不可缺少的。其他的亚洲国家应当仿效 CJK 计划的范例。

Localization initiatives should have very clear objectives, and the resources required to meet those objectives. They require funding, professional management and technical expertise. In addition, thorough linguistic knowledge is critical to success.

本地化计划应当有非常明确的目标,以及实现这些目标的所需资源。这些计划需要资助,专业管理和技术支持。此外,全面的语言知识是成功的关键。

These initiatives will result in the creation of local centres where the knowledge is dispersed to those who will perform the actual work. Such centres can be the product of governmental action or business partnerships, or operate as part of a university. Regardless of how the centres are founded, they should enjoy the full support of government policy.

这些计划的结果将是地区中心的建立,知识从这些场所分散到做实际工作的人当中去。这样的中心可以是政府行为和商业合作的产物,也可作为一所大学的一部分来运作。不管这些中心的资金来源如何,它们都应当得到政府政策的全面支持。

It is time to professionalize the process of Asian software localization, especially for developing countries. A great opportunity can be lost if haphazard efforts lead to undependable results. Where public good cannot be achieved by individual effort, the government is expected to help. A professional group can request the help of volunteers, but central coordination and basic work ought to be done by a dedicated team of paid staff.

实现专业化的亚洲软件本地化过程的时机已到,尤其是在发展中国家。没有计划的工作产生没有质量保证的产品,可能导致失去一个重要的机遇。在个人努力无法让公众受益的情况下,政府应当伸出援手。一个专业团体可以要求志愿者的帮助,但中心调控和基本的工作必须由领取工资的专门队伍来完成。

It could be that the yearly fees paid by a developing country for a single department's commercial software is enough to underwrite that country's participation in the FOSS movement.

一个发展中国家为一个部门的商业软件支付的费用就很可能足以支持这个国家参与自由/开源软件运动。

Establish localization centres to be the focal point for FOSS developers to share information, develop skills, and build on existing accomplishments. Where different countries have linguistic commonalities, a regional localization centre could share the cost of development. Specialists who are familiar with source code, linguists and analysts could be available to assist a wide variety of projects and build a knowledge base to accelerate future development.

需要建立本地化中心,作为自由/开源软件开发者分享信息,提高技能,以及在现有工作上发展的中心场所。不同的国家如果有语言上的共同点,一个区域性的本地化中心有助于分担开发的成本。熟悉源代码的专家,语言学家和分析家可以支持许多不同的计划,并建立一个知识库来加速未来的发展。

Sponsor the creation of technical dictionaries and standards so that consistency is retained in all FOSS projects. With standard terminology, computer users are less likely to encounter frustration, and with standard technological procedures and processes, FOSS code can remain comprehensible to all IT professionals. Adherence to such standards should be mandated in all software procurement policies implemented by the government.

通过支持技术词典和标准的编纂,所有自由/开源软件计划都可以保持一致性。有了标准的术语,计算机用户就较不容易遇到困难,而有了标准的技术流程和过程,所有信息技术专业人员都能读懂自由/开源软件代码。政府实施的所有软件开发政策都应当强调遵循这样的标准。

Move fast. It is important to have things done correctly, but it is also important to do them quickly. Writing a good computer glossary for a low-technology language can take over a year, but a first glossary that will suffice for translating the first versions of the programs can be done very quickly (e.g., in three months). Future versions of the programs will use the final glossary, but first versions can be available within months. An official "portal" detailing the prescribed terminology and standards should be the first priority.

迅速行动。把事情做对是重要的,但迅速地做事也很重要。为一种技术成分很少的语言编写一本好的计算机词典可以花上一年多时间,但足以用于软件最初版本翻译的词典可以很快完成(例如三个月)。软件的未来版本将使用最终的词典,但第一版可以在几个月内完成。首要的任务是建立官方的“门户”详细列出已定义的术语和标准。

Encourage the distribution of FOSS operating systems, applications and platforms. With little cost, governments can distribute localized FOSS to schools, businesses and other organizations. This would jumpstart the rate of adoption of computers and software in general, and prevent the unnecessary illegal copying of proprietary software. Because FOSS often works with older machines, the total price of providing computing access to the masses would be lower than that for any other approach.

鼓励自由/开源软件系统、应用程序和平台的传播。政府几乎不花什么费用就可以把本地化的自由/开源软件发布到学校、企业和其他组织。这将迅速地促进计算机和软件的应用,同时避免不必要的私有软件非法拷贝。因为自由/开源软件能够在旧机器上工作,这样为大众提供计算服务的价格比其他方式都低。

Provide FOSS training not only for computer professionals, but also in primary and secondary schools. In developing countries where educational budgets are stretched thin, the use of localized FOSS operating on low-cost computers is well suited for increasing educational opportunities in rural communities. The natural curiosity of the youth should quickly result in a new generation that knows how to use computers in their native language. Those students who show a special talent for using computers can be encouraged to learn programming through scholarships, contests and other age-appropriate activities.

不仅为计算机专业人员,也为中小学校提供自由/开源软件的培训。在缺乏教育经费的发展中国家,在廉价的计算机上使用本地化的自由/开源软件非常适合在农村社区中增加教育机会。年轻人自然的好奇心将迅速造就一代能够用母语使用计算机的人。这可以鼓励那些在使用计算机方面显示出天分的学生通过奖学金、竞赛和其他与其年龄相适应的活动学习编程。

Beyond establishing governmental purchasing policies that favour localized FOSS, governments have an important role in removing obstacles, providing funding and coordinating standards. Without governmental support, "anglicisms" and inconsistencies will severely hamper the continued localization of FOSS, and limit the possibilities for growth of an indigenous software industry.

政府除了建立倾向于本地化自由/开源软件的政府采购政策,在去除障碍,提供资助和协调标准方面也要担当重要角色。没有政府的支持,“英国腔”和翻译的不一致将会严重地影响持续的自由/开源软件本地化,并限制本土软件产业的成长潜力。






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