上诉法院是在被告提出的管辖权动议问题上，认为被告应承担举证责任，以证明自己并未参与创作那些陈述。在被告的声明不足以推翻原告的指控的情况下，上诉法院假定原告指控为真，要求地区法院通过指示裁判(directed verdict)来确定管辖权。（Taking the allegations of the amended complaint as true to the extent they were not controverted by Defendants’ declarations, and construing all reasonable inferences in favor of Whitney, see Madara, 916 F.2d at 1514, we conclude that Whitney would have survived a motion for directed verdict on whether it satisfied § 48.193(1)(b) of Florida’s long-arm statute.
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在以后的地区法院继续审理中，如果官司能够继续打下去，则原告理所当然具有举证责任，以证明被告参与了创作那些陈述、因而不享有《通信规范法》豁免权。