【新语丝电子文库(www.xys.org)(www.xys2.org)】 ———————————————— 简评宫敬才《可怕的倾向》 “科学没有能力包打天下,科学也不能解决自身和人类面临的一切问题。就前者而言,康德 的三大批判已经证明;就后者而言,上边列举的科学存在、科学研究和科学成果应用三个方 面的例子,也能够证明。” 一看见这样的类比,我们就只好哑口无言了。宫先生第一个类比是什么方舟子=达尔文,第 二个是宫先生的大作=康德三大批判。这是唯一能够从浆糊里挑得出的两条“线。” 简单说一下康德要解决的问题(对于康德,任何简化都要小心--他不同Popper,后者易于简 练表达)。在《对纯理性的批判》,康德是要解决“人的认知能力,”即在没有“经验”的 条件下人的思维,也就是形而上学。与此相关的问题是:只有经得起批判的学科方可被人信 赖。科学不但没有“无能”(借宫先生语)或“缩退”,反而是经过批判变得更为“显耀。” "We very often hear complaints of the shallowness of the present age, and of the decay of profound science. But I do not think that those which rest upon a secure foundation, such as mathematics, physical science, etc., in the least deserve this reproach, but that they rather maintain their ancient fame, and in the latter case, indeed, far surpass it. The same would be the case with the other kinds of cognition, if their principles were but firmly established. In the absence of this security, indifference, doubt, and finally, severe criticism are rather signs of a profound habit of thought. Our age is the age of criticism, to which everything must be subjected. The sacredness of religion, and the authority of legislation, are by many regarded as grounds of exemption from the examination of this tribunal. But, if they on they are exempted, they become the subjects of just suspicion, and cannot lay claim to sincere respect, which reason accords only to that which has stood the test of a free and public examination." 《对实用理性的批判》是康德对感官与自由意志的分析。后者包括道德问题。解决道德问题 的同时,科学也得到发展。“thus even obstacles [to science] become means of increasing the thoroughness of science。” (紫弦) 虽然不清楚那位先生怎么写的,不过在康德哲学中,尤其《纯理批判》,康德提出“things in themselves"这个不可了解的“智思界”(我也不知道怎么翻译,牟宗三这么表达的, 虽然我不觉得恰当),(自然)科学自然也不能给我们任何帮助,它是存在于现象界中的.. .所以那位先生说的倒也勉强,因为确实康德不认为方舟子谈论的“科学”可以解决一切问 题(“科学”这个概念在康德那里和在方舟子这里不同,所以那位先生有偷换概念的嫌疑) ,不过康德哲学早已经失去昔日辉煌,康德的看法虽然常被引用,但多代表一种看法,而绝 不是真理的代名词。 (Moutian) 先来一段命题分析:“你的问题是什么,有几个方面。。。” 然后大胆下论断:“你的观点是偏见,只考虑一个方面,没有。。。”。 文章中玩上一段文字游戏:“他说XXX,是这个意思XXX,” 最后采用“emotion approach". 飞机,炸弹,杀我同胞,炸我 使馆,。。。!riduculous. 这种文章就是典型的文革式批评文章! (小笨笨) ———————————————— 【新语丝电子文库(www.xys.org)(www.xys2.org)】