◇◇新语丝(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)◇◇   中央民族大学外国语学院院长郭英剑的博士论文《美国东方主义》涉嫌抄袭   方舟子先生:   我从事医学研究,在美国留学工作多年。今年夏天,回国探亲休假,顺便帮 女儿在中国国家图书馆复印论文资料。回国前,信手翻阅,发现其中一篇题为 《美国东方主义》的博士论文结构简单,内容也很一般,仅仅是把三位作家涉华 作品进行罗列,各成一章。但更令人震惊的是,论文涉嫌抄袭。这样的论文,还 有什么参考价值?据悉文章作者郭英剑现在是国内大学的“知名”教授,在学术 界小有名气。让人发笑的是,这位教授的名气也源于他高举反学术抄袭的旗帜, 还发表过几篇关于学术失范的文章,行为可笑可恨。现附上我所发现的涉嫌抄袭 的几处,借你的新语丝网供有兴趣的读者查证。   Yanchun Jia   中文题目:美国东方主义   英文题目:American Orientalism   作者:郭英剑   导师:王守仁   时间:1999年5月10日   郭文第viii页:“Oriental studies, a style of thought and the corporate institution are the three meanings of Said’s Orientalism.”   高相似来源:Post-colonialism and the politics of Kenya 作者:D. Pal S. Ahluwalia, 第3页   原文:For Said, Orientalism means three things, all of which are interdependent: an academic discipline, a style of thought and a corporate institution for dealing with the Orient.   郭文第viii页(内容与第25页相同):“… Orientalism came into full flower in Britain and France, the great empire builders of the nineteenth century.”   高相似来源:Japan: A Reinterpretation, Patrick Smith 第9页   原文:“… Orientalism came into full flower in Britain and France, the great empire builders of the nineteenth century.”   郭文第viii页(内容与第25页相同):“America developed its own version of Orientalism after the Second World War.”   高相似来源:Japan: A Reinterpretation, Patrick Smith, 第6页   原文:America developed its own version of Orientalism after the Second World War.   郭文第ix页:“In general, it is the generic term that I am employing to describe the Americans’ particular experience with and approach to the Chinese.”   高相似来源:Japanese management in America and Britain: revelation or requiem for “Western industrial democracy? , Donald Duncan Gordon 第26页   原文:Orientalism is the generic term, that I have been employing to describe the Western approach to the Orient.   郭文第ix页:“Logically, Images are not and have never been necessarily the same as reality.”   高相似来源:Western images of China, Colin Mackerras, Oxford University Press, 1989 - 第2页   原文:Images are not and have never been necessarily the same as reality.   郭文第ix页:“Realism, in the arts, is the attempt to portray life as it is.”   高相似来源:The World Book Student Information Finder: Language arts and social studies, World Book, Inc, World Book Encyclopedia, World Book, 1993 - 第202页   原文:Realism in the arts, is the attempt to portray life as it is.   郭文第ix页:“To the realist, the artist's main function is to describe as accurately and honestly as possible what can be observed through the senses.”   高相似来源:The World book student handbook: student information finder, World Book, 1979 -第295页   原文:To the realist, the artist's main function is to describe as accurately and honestly as possible what can be observed through the senses.   郭文第x页:“Its force is in the power and vitality of its representation.”   高相似来源:Orientalism, Edward W. Said, 第291页   原文:… its force is in the power and vitality of words…   郭文第1页:“…the more we learn about relations between the Chinese and the Americans in the 19th century, the more the evidence emerges of feelings of both hostility and tolerance.”   高相似来源:The tarnished dream: the basis of American anti-Semitism,Michael N. Dobkowski - 1979 – 第12页   原文:The more we learn about relations between Jews and their fellow countrymen in the early days of the nation, the more the evidence emerges of feelings of both hostility and tolerance.   郭文第2页:“The story of the American people is the story of immigrants.”   高相似来源:'To Banish Ghost and Goblin': New Essays on Irish Culture 作者:David Clark, Rubén Jarazo álavez (Eds.) 第95页   原文:The story of the American people is the story of immigrants.   郭文第2页:“…uprooted themselves from their homeland and start anew in the newest civilization of the world, the United States of America.”   高相似来源:The Chinese in the United States of America, Rose Hum Lee, 第1页   原文:…uproot themselves from their homeland and start anew in the newest civilization of the world, the United States of America,…   郭文第2页:“…was largely successful in systematically denying Chinese-Americans their civil rights and for decades excluding them from the shores of the United States.”   高相似来源:Geographical abstracts: Human geography, 第 14 卷,第 5-8 期 第689页   原文:…was largely successful in systematically denying Chinese-Americans their civil rights and for decades excluding them from the shores of the United States.   郭文第2页:“Geographically, California … occupies a unique position in the West: “This is the last place / There is nowhere left to go”….”   高相似来源:California writers: Jack London, John Steinbeck, the tough guys, Stoddard Martin 第5页   原文:Geographically, California occupies a unique position in the West ('This is the last place/There is nowhere left to go') …   郭文第3页:“The Chinese were recruited to extract metals and minerals, construct a vast railroad network, reclaim swamplands, build irrigation systems, work as migrant agricultural laborers, develop the fishing industry, and operate highly competitive manufacturing industries.”   高相似来源:The living tree: the changing meaning of being Chinese today, American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1991, 第186页   原文:…they were employed to extract metals and minerals, to construct a vast railroad network, reclaim swamplands, build irrigation systems, work as migrant agricultural laborers, develop the fishing industry, and operate highly competitive, labor-intensive manufacturing industries.   郭文第3页:“The Central Pacific Railroad Company employed about 15,000 Chinese laborers to construct the Transcontinental Railroad.”   高相似来源: The multilingual Apple: languages in New York City 作 者:Ofelia García,Joshua A. Fishman第232页   原文:The completion of the first transcontinental railway was immediately followed by four more lines. Chinese were employed on all of them. On the Northern Pacific   alone, there were about 15000 recorded Chinese workers (Chen 1980: 76).   郭文第3页:“Chinese cultivating, planting, and harvesting in vineyards, orchards, and ranches…”   高相似来源:The Chinese-American experience, Dana Ying-Hui Wu, Jeffrey Dao-Sheng Tung - 1993 – 第42页   原文:They did the planting, cultivating, and harvesting in the vineyards, orchards, and ranches ...   郭文第4页:“just what early California civilization most wanted these men could and would supply.”   高相似来源:The story of California from the earliest days to the present, Henry Kittredge Norton - 1924 -第284页   原文:Just what early California civilization most wanted these men could and would   supply.   郭文第4页:“Even their cleanliness, unobtrusiveness and industry were everywhere praised.”   高相似来源:The story of California from the earliest days to the present, Henry Kittredge Norton - 1924 -第285页   原文:Their cleanliness, unobtrusiveness and industry were everywhere praised.   郭文第6页:“…prejudiced, anti-Chinese movement which ran riot in the West. Various schemes were proposed for ridding the country of the Chinese as if they were a pest.”   高相似来源:The story of California from the earliest days to the present, Henry Kittredge Norton - 1924 -第291页   原文:…prejudiced, anti-Chinese movement ran riot. Various schemes were proposed for ridding the country of the Chinese as if they were a pest.   郭文第6页:“In connection with a violent race hatred, it kept the California in turmoil for the first thirty years of its existence.”   高相似来源:The story of California from the earliest days to the present, Henry Kittredge Norton - 1924 -第283-296页   原文:In connection with a violent racehatred, it kept the state in turmoil for the first thirty years of its existence.   郭文第10-11页:“…gradually advanced into the mainstream of American thought—first in newspapers, advertising, then in popular books, and finally in scholarly papers, texts, and films…It becomes the new paradigm.”   高相似来源:Japan: A Reinterpretation, Patrick Smith 第14页   原文:This picture gradually advanced into the mainstream of American thought — first in scholarly papers and texts, then in popular books, and finally in films, newspapers, and advertising. It became, in short, the new paradigm.   郭文第21页:“… problems of crossed identity and imposed inferiority and even a raging hatred for the colonizer surface in the consciousness of the colonized people..”   高相似来源:Triveni: journal of Indian renaissance, 第 75 卷 第16 页   原文:Obviously, problems of crossed identity, imposed inferiority and even a raging hatred for the colonizer surface in the consciousness of the colonized people.   郭文第21页:“Said’s work highlights the inaccuracies of a wide variety of assumptions as it questions various paradigms of thought which are accepted on individual, academic, and political levels.”   高相似来源: Orientalism, Edward Said, 1979 & Post-colonial women writers: new perspectives 作者:Sunita Sinha 第5页   原文:Said’s work highlights the inaccuracies of a wide variety of assumptions as it questions various paradigms of thought which are accepted on individual, academic, and political levels.   郭文第22页:The Orient exists for the West, and is constructed by and in relation to the West. It is a mirror image of what is inferior and alien ("Other") to the West.   高相似来源:Post-colonial women writers: new perspectives 作者: Sunita Sinha 第5页   原文:The Orient exists for the West, and is constructed by and in relation to the West. It is a mirror image of what is inferior and alien ("Other") to the West.   郭文第22页:“The Oriental is the person represented by such thinking: the man is depicted as feminine, weak, yet strangely dangerous because it poses a threat to white, Western women; the woman is both eager to be dominated and strikingly exotic. The Oriental is a single image, a sweeping generalization, and a stereotype that crosses countless cultural and national boundaries.”   高相似来源:Orientalism and American Immigration - A Social Work View 作者:Regina Mignano P13-14   原文:“The Oriental is the person represented by such thinking: the man is depicted as feminine, weak, yet strangely dangerous because it poses a threat to white, Western women; the woman is both eager to be dominated and strikingly exotic. The Oriental is a single image, a sweeping generalization, and a stereotype that crosses countless cultural and national boundaries.”   郭文第24页:“One of the features of Orientalism is the position of the observer to the observed: the one is always superior to the other.”   高相似来源:Japan: A Reinterpretation, Patrick Smith 第5页   原文:“One of its features was the position of the observer to the observed: The one was always superior to the other.”   郭文第25页(内容与摘要viii相同):“… Orientalism came into full flower in Britain and France, the great empire builders of the nineteenth century.”   高相似来源:Japan: A Reinterpretation, Patrick Smith 第9页   原文:“… Orientalism came into full flower in Britain and France, the great empire builders of the nineteenth century.”   郭文第25页(内容与摘要viii相同):“America developed its own version of Orientalism after the Second World War.”   高相似来源:Japan: A Reinterpretation, Patrick Smith, 第6页   原文:America developed its own version of Orientalism after the Second World War.   郭文第27页:“…the differences between an English speaker and a French speaker. For the former the Orient was Indian, an actual British possession; for the French speaker, the pilgrim was imbued with a sense of acute loss in the Orient.”   高相似来源: Orientalism, Edward Said, 1979第169-170页   原文:“…the differences between an English speaker and a French speaker. For the former the Orient was India, of course, an actual British possession… In contrast, the French pilgrim was imbued with a sense of acute loss in the Orient.”   郭文第27页:“… American Orientalism is the generic term that I am employing to describe the Americans’ particular experience with and approach to the Chinese.”   高相似来源:Japanese management in America and Britain: revelation or requiem for “Western industrial democracy? , Donald Duncan Gordon 第26页   原文:Orientalism is the generic term, that I have been employing to describe the Western approach to the Orient.”   郭文第28页:“This is the key point of Said’s theory: representations could never really be “natural” depictions of the Orient. Instead, they are constructed images, images that need to be interrogated for their ideological content.”   高相似来源:Orientalism, Edward Said, 1978第204页 & A shtetl in disguise: Israeli Bourekas films and their origins in classical Yiddish literature 作者:Rami N. Kimchi, University of Michigan第113页   原文:Edward Said … emphasizes the fact that representations can never be totally realistic… Instead, it is made of constructed images, images that need to be interrogated for their ideological content…   郭文第51页:“The 19th century West Coast witnessed the significant development of an often oppressed Asian community, whose urban experience was recorded in the short stories by Harte.”   高相似来源:Columbia literary history of the United States, 作者: Emory Elliott, P516-517   原文:“During the same period the West Coast also witnessed the significant development of an often oppressed Asian community, whose urban experience was first recorded in the short stories collected in Mrs. Spring Fragrance, ….   郭文第51页:“As early as from 1853 on, the Chinese were marked for persecution.”   高相似来源:Ah Sin and his brethren in American literature, 作者: William Purviance Fenn,College of Chinese Studies cooperating with California College in China, 1933 - 131 页   原文:“…and from 1853 on, the Chinese were marked for persecution.”   郭文第51页:“They were stoned, robbed, maltreated in the street.”   高相似来源:Chinese immigration, Mary Elizabeth Burroughs Roberts Smith Coolidge - 1909 - 531 页   原文:“they were stoned, robbed, maltreated in the streets….”   郭文第51页:“The Chinese Must Go” became the dominant political issue in California.   高相似来源:Ah Sin and his brethren in American literature, 作者: William Purviance Fenn,College of Chinese Studies cooperating with California College in China, 1933 - 131 页   原文:“The Chinese Must Go” had no become the dominant political issue in California,   郭文第51页:“There are two sources for the anti-Chinese agitation: The strangeness of their appearance and ways, and their competition in various fields of labor.”   高相似来源:Ah Sin and his brethren in American literature, 作者: William Purviance Fenn,College of Chinese Studies cooperating with California College in China, 1933 - 131 页   原文:This antagonism toward the Chinese appears to have had two main sources; the strangeness of their appearance and ways, and their competition in various fields of labor.   郭文第51页:“Although most of his fiction is romantically impressionistic, some of Harte’s works contain stark realism as well as social criticism, including attacks on discrimination against ethnic minorities.”   高相似来源:The Encyclopedia Americana, Grolier Incorporated – 1988, P827   原文:Although his most familiar fiction is romantically impressionistic, some of his works contain stark realism as well as social criticism, including attacks on discrimination against ethnic minorities.   郭文第87页:“if a white man robs, they make him leave the camp; and when a Chinaman does that thing, they hang him.”   高相似来源:A companion to Mark Twain 作者:Peter B. Messent,Louis J. Budd 第56页   原文:…when a white man robs a sluice-box (by the term white man is meant Spaniards, Mexicans, Portuguese, Irish, Hondurans, Peruvians, Chileans, etc., etc.), they make him leave the camp; and when a Chinaman does that thing, they hang him.   郭文第97页:“he emerges as a naive, complacent, intolerant, unsympathetic Chinese.”   高相似来源:American Literature in Context, 第 3 卷 作者:Andrew Hook,Arnold Goldman,1983, 第82页   原文: “…emerges as no more than a naive, complacent, intolerant, unsympathetic, culturally-deprived, nineteenth-century American.”   郭文第97页:“he has no sense of values other than business, commercial, practical one; he is morally prudish, ignorant of art and linguistically corrupt.”   高相似来源:American Literature in Context, 第 3 卷 作者:Andrew Hook,Arnold Goldman,1983, 第82页   原文:“he has no sense of values other than business, commercial, practical one; he is morally prudish, ignorant of art and linguistically corrupt.”   郭文第103页:“注29”来源吐温的信   Mark Twain-Howells letters: the correspondence of Samuel L. Clemens and William D. Howells, 1872-1910, Mark Twain, William Dean Howells, Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1960 – 第206页   郭文第114页:In his most ironic voice Twain poses the claims of civilization against its acts in the occupied nations and concluded that “the person sitting in darkness” would shortly have no choice but to “raise himself down to” the level of civilization in order to defend himself from its rapacious exploiters.   高相似来源:JR LeMaster and James D. Wilson, eds. The Mark Twain Encyclopedia. New York: Garland, 1993 第388 页   原文:In his most ironic voice Twain poses the claims of civilization against its acts in the occupied nations and concluded that “the person sitting in darkness” would shortly have no choice but to “raise himself down to” the level of civilization in order to defend himself from its rapacious exploiters.   郭文第114-115页:“In this essay, Twain created a national sensation as well as a savage debate between him and the American board of Foreign Mission; it was a masterful and satiric polemic condemning imperialism and the West for military intervention in China, South Africa, and the Philippines.”   高相似来源:JR LeMaster and James D. Wilson, eds. The Mark Twain Encyclopedia. New York: Garland, 1993 第261 页   原文:… created a national sensation as well as a savage debate between Twain and the American board of Foreign Mission; it is a masterful and satiric polemic condemning imperialism and the West for military intervention in China, South Africa, and the Philippines.   郭文第115页:“Twain cogently attacked the immoral and unchristian underpinnings of these unjust punishments.”   高相似来源:JR LeMaster and James D. Wilson, eds. The Mark Twain Encyclopedia. New York: Garland, 1993 第94 页   原文:Twain cogently attacked the immoral and unchristian underpinnings of these unjust punishments.   郭文第118页:“…the local colorist often stops at a more superficial level of coverage, while the true realist pushes beyond those bounds.”   高相似来源:JR LeMaster and James D. Wilson, eds. The Mark Twain Encyclopedia. New York: Garland, 1993 第626 页   原文:The local colorist often stops at a more superficial level of coverage, while the true regionalist pushes beyond those bounds…   郭文第118-119页:“To the realist, the artist's main function is to describe as accurately and honestly as possible what can be observed through the senses. In part, realism has been a revolt against classicism and romanticism. As is known, classicists show life as being more rational and orderly than it really is. And Romanticists show life as being more emotionally exciting and satisfying than it normally is. In Contrast, realists try to be as objective as possible and not to distort life by forcing it to agree with their own desires or principles.”   高相似来源:The World book student handbook: student information finder, World Book, 1979 -第295页   原文:To the realist, the artist's main function is to describe as accurately and honestly as possible what can be observed through the senses. …. In part, realism has been a revolt against classicism and romanticism…. The works of classicists show life as being more rational and orderly than it really is…The works of classicists show life as being more rational and orderly than it really is. Romanticists' works show life as being more emotionally exciting and satisfying than it normally is. ..Realists try to be as objective as possible. They try not to distort life by forcing it to agree with their own desires…   郭文第119页:“Howells, to whom Twain often turned for advice and criticism, insisted on verisimilitude, calling for the artist to portray life as it was.”   高相似来源:JR LeMaster and James D. Wilson, eds. The Mark Twain Encyclopedia. New York: Garland, 1993 第623页   原文:Howells, to whom Twain often turned for advice and criticism, led the reaction to early nineteenth-century romanticism in the United States. Howells insisted on verisimilitude, calling for the artist to portray life as it was.   郭文第119页:“The main theme of Henry James’ “the Art of Fiction” reveals his literary credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel.”   高相似来源:美国文学学习指南 作者:李翠亭,李正栓, 第91页。   原文:The main theme of Henry James’ “the Art of Fiction” reveals his literary credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel.   郭文第119页:“…whereas Mark Twain dealt largely with the lower strata of society.”   高相似来源:美国文学学习指南 作者:李翠亭,李正栓, 第209-210页。   原文:…whereas Mark Twain dealt largely with the lower strata of society.   郭文第120-121页:“John Quarles became a Universalist — a believer in the doctrine that all mankind will be saved and not only the elect ; that truth and righteousness are controlling powers in the universe, and that Good must therefore triumph over Evil.”   高相似来源:Mark Twain social critic,Philip Sheldon Foner 第165页   原文:John Quarles became a Universalist — a believer in the doctrine that all mankind will be saved and not only the elect ; that truth and righteousness are controlling powers in the universe, and that Good must therefore triumph over Evil.   郭文第121页:“…have neglected the influence exerted during these very years by “the liberal views of his heretical father and uncle.””   高相似来源:Mark Twain social critic,Philip Sheldon Foner 第166页   原文:…have neglected the influence exerted during these very years by the liberal views of his heretical father and uncle.   郭文第121页:“Twain sympathizes with the spiritual side of humanity…. Twain took his stand on common-sense and thought scorn of affectation of every sort. He understood sinners and strugglers and weaklings; and he was not harsh with them, reserving his scorching hatred for hypocrites and pretenders and frauds.”   高相似来源:Inquiries & Opinions 作者:Brander Matthews, P166   原文:He sympathizes with the spiritual side of humanity….Twain takes his stand Humanist on common sense and' thinks scorn of affectation of every sort. He understands sinners and strugglers and weaklings; and he is not harsh with them, reserving his scorching hatred for hypocrites and pretenders and frauds.   郭文第121页:“…and occasionally subverted, culturally accepted notions of nation, class, race, ethnicity.”   高相似来源:Asian America through the lens: history, representations, and identity 作者:Jun Xing, P65   原文:…and sometimes subvert culturally accepted notions of nation, class, race, ethnicity   郭文第122页:“Twain stays within the American tradition of fairness and equality that had been espoused by such men as Thomas Paine and Henry David Thoreau.”   高相似来源:JR LeMaster and James D. Wilson, eds. The Mark Twain Encyclopedia. New York: Garland, 1993 第436页   原文:he also stayed within the American tradition of fairness and equality that had been espoused by such men as Thomas Paine and Henry David Thoreau.   郭文第122页:“Twain’s purpose is to forced his audience to recognize humanity's foolishness and society's myriad injustices.”   高相似来源:Twentieth-century literary criticism, 第 12 卷Gale Research Company, Gale Research Co., 1984 – 第423页   原文:Twain …forced his audience to recognize humanity's foolishness and society's myriad injustices.   郭文第123页,注释42, “A minority group is subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than the members of a dominant or majority group.”   高相似来源:Sociology : an Introduction, Schaefer, Richard T, 第 177页   原文:A minority group is a subordinate group whose members have significantly less control or power over their own lives than the members of a dominant or majority group have over theirs.   郭文第123页,注释44, “The Religious minorities are groups who have a religion other than the dominant faith. In the United States, the religious minorities include Muslims, …”   高相似来源:Media, Minorities, and Meaning: A Critical Introduction, Debra L. Merskin – 第87页   原文:Religious minorities are those people who have a religion other than the dominant faith, which in the case of the United States is Christianity. US religious minorities include Jews, Muslims,…   郭文第132页:“Naturalism, in literature, is the attempt to apply scientific theory and methods to imaginative writing.”   高相似来源:The World Book encyclopedia: A.World Book, Inc - 1996 - 1004 页, Wallace, Alfred R.   原文:Naturalism, in literature, is the attempt to apply scientific theory and methods to imaginative writing.   郭文第132页:“They reported truthfully and objectively, with a passion for scientific accuracy and an overwhelming accumulation of factual detail.”   高相似来源:Howells and the age of realism, Everett Carter - 1954 - 307 页   原文:… report truthfully and objectively, with a passion for scientific accuracy and an overwhelming accumulation of factual detail.   郭文第132页:“Both realism and naturalism describe a special view of experience and a philosophic stance. The realists value the material universe, the events that occur in it, and the observable causes of those events, and feel a profound obligation to report them accurately, fully, and, above all, objectively. The naturalists have a philosophic bias in their reporting, and that bias defines their intention and their method. They believe that men’s lives and actions are determined by heredity, environment and natural laws. To this end they use fiction as a laboratory in which to experiment with life under controlled condition.”   高相似来源:The Encyclopedia Americana, Grolier Incorporated – 1996 第294页   原文:Despite their apparent similarities, realism and naturalism should be clearly differentiated. Each describes a special view of experience and a philosophic stance. Realists value the material universe, the events that occur in it, and the observable causes of those events, and feel a profound obligation to report them accurately, fully, and, above all, objectively. Naturalists, on the other hand, have a philosophic bias in their reporting, and that bias defines their intention and their method. They believe that people’s lives and actions are determined by heredity, environment and natural laws. To this end naturalists use fiction as a laboratory in which to experiment with life under controlled condition.”   郭文第132-133页:“The naturalists, trying to be as objective as a laboratory scientist, in their theory of life , are more pessimistic than realists.”   高相似来源:The Encyclopedia Americana, Grolier Incorporated – 1996 第65页   原文:The naturalist tries to be as objective as a laboratory scientist. In their theory of life, naturalists are more pessimistic than realists. (XYS20110827) ◇◇新语丝(www.xys.org)(xys5.dxiong.com)(www.xinyusi.info)(xys2.dropin.org)◇◇