Stock trading for example.
The Key is to figure out the right statistics. For baseball, it is most important to win. To win, the most relevant number is runs produced. To produce runs, the traditional matrix is hitting percentage, but that is not the best one.
In moneyball, it was explained that the most important number to produce runs is outs, 3 outs the inning is over. Therefore, not making an out is the most important thing to do for a hitter, and that is why OBS (on-base percentage) is invented. If you are on base, you did not make an out. When used in real data, OBS (later, OPS) turned out to be a much better stats predicting runs produced by a team.