我也就听几个人吹牛，说这篇文章里最主要的发现其实是个artifact。我不懂，请专家看看。
Letter
Nature advance online publication 20 January 2010 | doi:10.1038/nature08736; Received 24 September 2009; Accepted 7 December 2009; Published online 20 January 2010
Competition drives cooperation among closely related sperm of deer mice
Heidi S. Fisher1,2 & Hopi E. Hoekstra1,2
1. Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Comparative Zoology,
2. Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
Correspondence to: Heidi S. Fisher1,2 Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to H.S.F. (Email: hfisher@oeb.harvard.edu).
Abstract
Among the extraordinary adaptations driven by sperm competition is the cooperative behaviour of spermatozoa1. By forming cooperative groups, sperm can increase their swimming velocity and thereby gain an advantage in intermale sperm competition1, 2. Accordingly, selection should favour cooperation of the most closely related sperm to maximize fitness3. Here we show that sperm of deer mice (genus Peromyscus) form motile aggregations, then we use this system to test predictions of sperm cooperation. We find that sperm aggregate more often with conspecific than heterospecific sperm, suggesting that individual sperm can discriminate on the basis of genetic relatedness. Next, we provide evidence that the cooperative behaviour of closely related sperm is driven by sperm competition. In a monogamous species lacking sperm competition, Peromyscus polionotus, sperm indiscriminately group with unrelated conspecific sperm. In contrast, in the highly promiscuous deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, sperm are significantly more likely to aggregate with those obtained from the same male than with sperm from an unrelated conspecific donor. Even when we test sperm from sibling males, we continue to see preferential aggregations of related sperm in P. maniculatus. These results suggest that sperm from promiscuous deer mice discriminate among relatives and thereby cooperate with the most closely related sperm, an adaptation likely to have been driven by sperm competition.