nm: 没有清教徒,就没有工业革命。从什么地方看到的?



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送交者: conner 于 2005-12-10, 16:57:07:

既然已经把基督教缩小到了清教徒的范围,那就讨论一下清教徒。首先清教徒有地理意义,那就是英国,或者包括以后的美洲殖民者,工业革命虽源于英国,但不应该限于英国。

为了加强学习,避免nm给我免费上课,我翻了翻Wikipedia (
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puritan ). 在里面真的找到了清教徒和工业的关系:
"By this time, Puritans were more often referred to as Dissenters. English Dissenters were barred from any profession that required official religious conformity, and so Puritans had been instrumental in a number of new industries. First, export/import was dominated by Puritans. Second, Puritans were eager colonials."
还有这么一段:
"Today, Puritans are subjected to various interpretations and criticisms. One common one is that Puritans were close-minded and fundamentalists. Many pundits posit a Puritan spirit in the United States' political culture, especially in its historical tendency to oppose things such as alcohol and sexuality. This view has been criticized by some authors such as Michael Moore, who in Stupid White Men identifies American prohibitionism and fear of sexuality as having roots in slavery rather than in Puritanism.

On the contrary, some critics have credited Puritanism as being the very spirit that founded American democracy. This view first appeared in Alexis de Tocqueville's Democracy in America. According to Tocqueville, Puritans were hard-working, egalitarian and studious.

There are authors who stake out a middle ground, such as John A. Morone, who in his book Hellfire Nation credits opposing tendencies within Puritanism with being the roots of both American democracy, through the desire to improve society and the world as a whole, and on the other hand with paranoia, hate, racism, sexism, and hatred of sexuality and youth."
这与我上大学时读过的一本关于美国历史的经典著作相符。怎么就能说清教徒在工业革命中起了至关重要的作用呢?

我又看了看工业革命( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industrial_revolution ) ,可惜里面没有出现Puritan字样.
"The causes of the Industrial Revolution were complex and remain a topic for debate, with some historians seeing the Revolution as an outgrowth of social and institutional changes wrought by the end of feudalism in Great Britain after the English Civil War in the 17th century. The Enclosure movement and the British Agricultural Revolution made food production more efficient and less labour-intensive, forcing the surplus population who could no longer find employment in agriculture into cottage industry, such as weaving, and in the longer term into the cities and the newly-developed factories. The colonial expansion of the 17th century with the accompanying development of international trade, creation of financial markets and accumulation of capital are also cited as factors, as is the scientific revolution of the 17th century. Technological innovation was another important factor, in particular the new invention and development of the steam engine during the 18th century."

我看nm的话要改改,应该是没有17世纪的英国人,就没有工业革命。不过这不能抹掉工业革命在其它地方开始的可能。按照nm的逻辑,没有基督教,就不会有中世纪的黑暗,就不会有文艺复兴,就不会有清教徒,就不会有工业革命,就不会有现代西方文明,就不会有现代文明。同理,可以说没有中国人就不会有工业革命,不会有现代文明。理由?自己想吧。





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