The immmediate "环境" of a gene include chromosomes, transcriptional and other complexes, then the "环境" of its RNA transcripts and initial protein product(s) in/out side the nucleus, including the translational system if it is a protein-coding gene.

Gene therapy, i think, is trying to correct things before anything get out of the cells.

(protein structure)knowledge-basesd durg design perhaps is also doing something in that "环境".