送交者: cornbug 于 2005-1-25, 00:08:07:
(1950-53): 2 800 000
* Deaths:
* I don't understand why all the sources I check are so sure of their numbers when they all give different numbers. Okay, some of the discrepancies come from disagreement over what to include -- do we count only the 33,741 Americans killed in battle, or do we add the 2,827 non-combat deaths as well? But some of the other disagreements are harder to reconcile:
o South Korea:
+ SoKo Military
# 47,000 KIA (Encyclopedia Americana)
# 46,812 KIA + 66,436 MIA (Wallechinsky; also Clodfelter, citing Defense Dept.)
# 59,000 (Summers)
# 70,000 (Clodfelter's own est.)
# 100,000 (Leckie)
# 212,500 KIA (Pentagon: ¼ "KWM")
# 225,784 (Nahm93)
# 281,000 (Rummel)
# 281,257 to 400,000 (Lewy - the latter citing the ROK Defense Ministry)
# 415,000 (S&S; Hastings)
# [MEDIAN: ca. 212,500]
+ SoKo Civilian
# 315,000 (Rummel)
# 244,000 killed and 303,000 missing. (Nahm88)
# 373,500 killed and 387,740 missing (Nahm93)
# [MEDIAN: 547,000]
+ SoKo Military + Civilian
# 415,004 killed (Leckie; Wallechinsky; Clodfelter, citing Defense Dept. incl. k, exec., dis.)
# 591,285 (Compton's)
# 596,000 (Rummel)
# 600,000 (Dictionary of 20C World History)
# 987,024 (Nahm93)
# 1,300,000 (Britannica)
# [MEDIAN: 595,000]
o North Korea:
+ NoKo Military
# 130,000 KIA (Pentagon: ¼ "KWM")
# 294,151 (Nahm93)
# 214,899 KIA + 101,680 MIA (Wallechinsky; Clodfelter, citing ["highly suspect"] Defense Dept. est.)
# 350,000 (Rummel)
# 520,000 (Small & Singer, FAS)
# [MEDIAN: ca. 315,000]
+ NoKo Civilian
# 406,000 killed + 680,000 missing (Nahm93)
# Up to 1,000,000 (Wallechinsky; Clodfelter)
# 1,185,000 (Rummel)
# [MEDIAN: 1,000,000]
+ NoKo Military + Civilian
# 500,000 (Britannica)
# 700,000 (Dictionary of 20C World History)
# 926,000 (Compton's)
# 1,316,579 (Wallechinsky; Clodfelter)
# 1,380,151 (Nahm93)
# 1,535,000 (Rummel)
# [MEDIAN: 1,316,579]
o China
+ 110,000 KIA + 35,000 other (FAS citing "Chinese sources")
+ 225,000 KIA (Pentagon: ¼ "KWM")
+ 401,401 KIA + 21,211 MIA (Wallechinsky; Clodfelter, citing ["highly suspect"] Defense Dept. est.)
+ 500,000 (Rummel)
+ 900,000 (Compton's, S&S, FAS)
+ 1,000,000 (Britannica)
+ [MEDIAN: ca. 500,000]
o Combined Chinese and North Korean military dead
+ 400,000 (from disease, Wallechinsky; Clodfelter [in addition to KIA est. above])
+ 500,000 (from battle, Summers)
+ 0.5M (generally, Lewy)
+ 1.5M (from all causes, Hastings)
o US
+ 33,000 (Dictionary of 20C World History)
+ 33,625 (Nahm93)
+ 33,741 battle + 2,827 other = 36,568 (DIOR [official])
+ 36,940, incl. 3275 non-combat (FAS)
+ 54,000 (Britannica, S&S)
+ 33,629 KIA + 20,617 other = 54,246 (Summers, Wallechinsky, Lewy, Encyclopedia Americana)
+ 33,629 (Compton's; Hastings)
o Other UN: 2,186 (Nahm93); 2,630 (S&S); 3,063 (Hastings, Summers); 3,194 (Wallechinsky)
+ By nation
# UK
* 11 Nov. 2000 Times [London]: 1,078 British
* Clodfelter, Wallechinsky: 710
* Leckie, S&S: 670
# Turkey
* S&S: 720
* Clodfelter, Leckie, Wallechinsky: 717
# Canada
* Clodfelter: 291
* Leckie: 309
* S&S: 310
# Australia
* Leckie: 265.
* S&S: 281
* Clodfelter: 291
* AWM: 339 Australia
# France
* Clodfelter, Leckie: 288
* S&S: 290
# Greece
* S&S: 170
* Clodfelter, Leckie: 169
# Columbia
* Clodfelter, S&S, Leckie: 140
# Ethiopia
* Clodfelter, S&S: 120
# Neth.
* S&S: 110
* Clodfelter, Leckie: 111
# Thailand
* S&S: 110
* Clodfelter, Leckie: 114
# Belgium
* S&S: 100
* Clodfelter: 97
# Phillipines
* S&S: 90
* Clodfelter, Leckie: 92
o TOTAL
+ 1,333,060 killed + 1,067,740 missing (Nahm93, not including Chinese)
+ 1,892,000 (S&S, not including civilians)
+ 2,454,000 (Compton's)
+ 2,488,744 (Wallechinsky)
+ 2,854,000 (Britannica)
+ 2,889,000 (Eckhardt)
+ 3,000,000 (D. Smith)
+ 3,000,000 (B&J)
+ 3,062,000 (Rummel)
+ 3,500,000 (Lewy, incl. 2-3M civilians)
o [MEDIAN of TOTALS: ca. 2,950,000] or [TOTAL of MEDIANS: ca. 2,470,000]
* Atrocities:
o 1950 massacre in Seoul by North Koreans: 128,936 (Nahm93); 100,000 (Dictionary of 20C World History) [AP makes it sound like these were all over So.Ko., not just Seoul.]
o AP [http://www.pulitzer.org/year/2000/investigative-reporting/works/]
+ No Gun Ri, 1950: US massacre of civilian refugees (ca. 100 k. by air attack, 200-400 k. by infantry) first reported by AP, 29 Sep. 1999. US News & World Report (22 May 2000) cast serious doubt on the reliability of many of the eye-witness accounts. The AP response (16 May 2000) restored credibility.
+ Killed by N.Koreans (13 Oct. 1999 AP):
# Taejon: 5,000 to 7,500 civilians and 42 US POWs
# "The U.S. Army, in November 1951, cited U.N. figures saying 25,575 South Korean civilians were killed during the communist occupation of South Korea. But the South Korean government later put that toll at 129,000."
o Gilbert, History of the Twentieth Century: 26,000 South Korean civilians executed by North Koreans within their zone of conquest, 1950.
o Lewy: 2,701 out of 7,140 US POWs died after capture. In all, 5,639 USAns died as a result of war crimes.
o VFW, citing Potter Comm. Report: 7,000 civilians and 60 US POWs k. in Taejon by N.Kor. (23-27 Sept. 1950) [http://www.vfw.org/magazine/feb03/koreanwaratrocities.htm]
o Alleged & unproven USA/ROK atrocities:
+ From the 14 July 2003 Guardian: "[The North Koreans] say that the US started the fighting and committed atrocities on civilians at Sinchon, a claim for which there is little evidence, but one which is the subject of numerous gory paintings."
+ 13 Oct. 1999 AP: "The North Koreans... alleged that earlier the southern government had murdered thousands of communist sympathizers around Taejon... in July 1950."
+ Some guys on Internet: Comm. sympathizers killed by S.Koreans (1950) [http://www.kimsoft.com/1997/nogun2.htm]
# Pusan: 50,000
# Throughout the country: 100,000+
# Seoul: 29,000
+ Some other guy on Internet: 35,000 k.at Sinchun [http://www.kimsoft.com/2002/sinchun.htm]
+ North Korean news releases:
# [http://210.145.168.243/pk/118th_issue/99110404.htm]
* "At least 109,000 people of south Korea were killed by the U.S. imperialists in 1949 alone."
* "In Sinchon county, South Hwanghae Province, alone they killed more than 35,380 people or one fourth of its entire population in a little over 50 days."
* "Lording it over south Korea after the war, they ruthlessly killed people as their hunting and shooting targets and playthings and for pleasure, regardless of men and women, young and old."
o NOTE: The Korean War was preceded by an unsuccessful Communist uprising. It was the failure to seize control from within that sparked the North Korean invasion.
* Sources:
o Blair, Clay, The Forgotten War (1987)
o DIOR: US Dept. of Defense, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports [http://web1.whs.osd.mil/mmid/CASUALTY/KOREA.xls] (NOTE: These numbers do not include 17,678 other deaths which occured outside the theater of ops.)
o Encyclopedia Americana (1995)
o Hastings, Max, The Korean War (1987)
o Leckie, Robert, Conflict: the history of the Korean War, 1950-53 (1962)
o Lewy, Guenter, America in Vietnam (1978)
o Nahm, Andrew, Korea: tradition and transformation (1988): "Nahm88"
o Nahm, Andrew, Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Korea (1993): "Nahm93"
o "Pentagon"
+ Blair, Leckie and the Encyclopedia Americana cite Pentagon estimates for the total killed, wounded and missing:
# All UN: 996,937 (Pentagon, kwm)
* South Korea: 850,000 (Pentagon, kwm)
# All Communist: 1,420,000 (Pentagon, kwm.)
* China: 900,000 (Pentagon, kwm)
* North Korea: 520,000 (Pentagon, kwm)
+ Now, if we use the standard ratio of 1 killed for every 3 wounded, we get the numbers that I have attributed above to "Pentagon"
+ While we're at it, notice that S&S's estimates for killed are often the same as the Pentagon's estimates for killed, wounded and missing.
o Summers, H., Korean War Almanac (1990)
http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat2.htm