In 2005, a study led by a researcher at the British Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute suggested that Giocangga might be a direct male-line ancestor of over 1.5 million men, mostly in northeastern China.[1] This was attributed to Giocangga's and his descendants' many wives and concubines.[1] It was estimated that the average man in the time of Giocangga would have only 20 living descendants as of 2005.[1][dubious ╟ discuss] Gioncangga's descendants in the patrilineal line are concentrated among several ethnic minorities who were part of the Manchu Eight Banners system, and are not found in the Han Chinese population.