A. Demonstrative.

1. Wholly so, or quite so; just, or even so; in this or that very manner, even thus. Obs.

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 109 Alswo ure helende is almihtin god, and nis non oer bute he. c1220 Hali Meid. 13 Alswa de meidenhad meidenes cwike flesch wiute wemmunge halt. c1230 Ancr. R. 24 Et alle e ore tiden, also biginnen & also enden. c1305 Judas in E.E.P. (1862) 111 Also he endede his lyfe. c1425 WYNTOUN Cron. III. iii. 110 Hys Land callyd was Hunia, Hunys his Men was callyd alsua.
2. In the very manner of something else; in like manner, in the same way, likewise, similarly (passing in later times into 3). Obs.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 5 Al at folc eode ar ford to processiun..and in al swa. 1297 R. GLOUC. 319 An byleuede hym er al nyt, & al hys ost al so. c1380 Sir Ferumb. 474 Tak ou anne my gode stede..& eke my scheld al-so. c1400 Apol. for Loll. 29 And so it semeth al so to me. c1425 WYNTOUN Cron. IX. xiv. 82 And uir Gentillis..Of his Kyn and his House alswa. 1428 in Heath Grocers' Comp. 5 Alsoe the cres-table on the seide north syde of the halle was maad and layd on. 1513 WRIOTHESLEY Chron. (1875) I. 8 This yeare allso..Te Deum was sungen. 1535 COVERDALE Job ii. 1 When the seruauntes of God came & stode before the Lorde, Sathan came also amonge them, and stode before him. 1611 BIBLE Mark i. 38 Let vs goe into ye next townes, that I may preach there also. 1710 STEELE Tatler No. 55 5 Some Forces are also posted at Taloir.
3. As a further point, item, or circumstance tending in the same direction; further, in addition, besides, as well, too; taking the place of OE. éac, EKE. a. () in form als. Obs.

c1250 Gen. & Ex. 867 at hird he foled als to an. 1330 R. BRUNNE Chron. 218 And Sir Hugh Bigote als with e erle fled he. c1325 E.E. Allit. P. B. 1377 e bour wat so brod & so bigge alce. 1352 MINOT Poems 4 Thare was crakked many a crowne Of wild Scottes, and alls of tame. c1386 CHAUCER Frankl. T. 870 The sorwe of Dorigen he tolde hym als [v.r. alse]. 1470 HARDING Chron. xxxi, Sixe temples he made, in Cambre & Logres als. 1596 SPENSER F.Q. I. ix. 18 Als Una earnd her traveill to renew. c1603 JAMES I Chorus Ven. in Farr S.P. 3 With viols, gitterne, cistiers als. 1642 H. MORE Song of Soul III. App. liv, Als see whose lovely friendship you decline.
() in form also (northern alswa).

[1382 wyclif john viii. 19 if e wisten me, perauenture and e schulden wite my father.] 1388 ibid., e schulden knowe also my fadir [1526 tindale, ye shuld have knowen my father also]. c1460 Towneley Myst. 186 Oure lantarnes take with us alsway. 1570 R. ASCHAM Scholem. I. (Arb.) 49 By his father and mothers also consent. 1582-8 Hist. James VI (1804) 87 They not only relaxt him, bot alswa my Lord Heries. 1588 A. KING Canisius' Catech. 37 Grante me alsua, o heauenlie father, thy grace. 1597 SHAKES. 2 Hen. IV, II. iv. 459 Not in Words onely, but in Woes also. 1611 BIBLE John xii. 18 For this cause the people also met him. c1720 PRIOR Engl. Ballad 53 With ekes and alsos tack thy strain. 1849 MACAULAY Hist. Eng. II. 213 The declaration of Charles dispensed only with penal laws. The declaration of James dispensed also with all religious tests. 1857 BUCKLE Civilis. i. 2 Great attention has been paid to the history of legislation, also to that of religion. Ibid. I. vii. 374 The opposition was not only futile, but it was also injurious.
b. In phr. also ran, applied to horses in a race which do not get a ‘place’; also fig. of any unsuccessful competitor or inferior person or thing.

1896 ADE Artie 21 They ain't even in the ‘also rans’. 1904 Enquirer (Cincinnati) 6 Feb. 13/3 (heading) George B. CoxHe Heads The List Of Also Rans. 1908 G. H. LORIMER Jack Spurlock xi. 269 Sporty old three-bottle ancestors, with a genius for throwing deuces and picking also-rans. 1921 F. KLICKMANN Trail of Ragged Robin 73 Bella's name [in a list of scholarship winners] was not even among those who ‘also ran’. 1924 B. PAIN in Nash's Mag. June 7 He is so hard that he puts the nether millstone among the also-ran. 1926 Daily Gaz. (Karachi) 11 Oct. 5 Karachi Autumn Meeting. Also ran: Teddy... Also ran: Sir Visto. 1934 Bulletin (Sydney) 2 May 25/2 As a football tipster, he is in the also-ran class. 1946 R. KNOX Epistles & Gospels 73 It is not enough that he should have put his name down as a candidate in the race for salvation; he may yet be found, if he is not careful, among the also-rans, the , the people who are ‘counted out’. 1949 WODEHOUSE Mating Season xxiv. 209 Dobbs..was more laboured in his movements and to an eye like mine, trained in the watching of point-to-point races, had all the look of an also-ran.
B. Antecedent or correlative, with rel. so, also, alse, als, as. Obs., represented by AS, SO, q.v.

1. In the very way (in which something is done); so, as. Obs.

c1250 Gen. & Ex. 3436 Als he redde, al-so gan it ben. 1256 Procl. Henry III, Al swo al se hit is biforen iseid.
2. In the same degree (in which some other attribute is); so, as. Obs.

c1250 Gen. & Ex. 1238 Al-so fer so a boe mai ten. c1320 Seuyn Sages (W.) 569 Al so sone so he mighte. 1393 LANGL. P. Pl. C. XXII. 440 Trauaile..for a tretour al-so sore As for a trewe tydy man. c1410 N. LOVE Bonaventura's Mirr. (Gibbs MS.) xl. 88 Also mykyll as ow may.
C. Relative and conjunctive. (In this use alswá, also took the place of OE. swá, and was very early weakened to alse, als, AS, q.v.)

1. In what manner, in the way that (a thing is done); as. Obs.

2. To what extent, in the degree that (an attribute is); as. Obs.

c1175 Cotton Hom. 217 Alswo sanctus augustinus cwe. 1205 LAYAM. 468 To libben al swa at wilde swin [1250 al so e wilde swin]. Ibid. 69 Al swa e boc speke [1250 as e bokes speke]. 1250 Gen. & Ex. 475 Al-so he mistate, also he schet. a1300 Floriz & Bl. 803 A kinedom Also long and also brod Also eure et i fader ibod. [c1350 in dom. arch. ii. 31 when it was wrought als it sould be. 1458 ibid. iii. 42 werkemen als wise as they coude fynde any.]
3. with subj. As though, as if. Obs.

a1300 Floriz & Bl. 326 Ber wi e square and schauntillun Also u were a gud Mascun. c1410 N. LOVE Bonaventura's Mirr. (Gibbs MS.) xxxix. 86, I haue ouercome e world Alse who seyth And so schulle e.

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